Results matching “Tesla Roadster”

The California Air Resources Board seems poised to cave into big auto pressure and gut their mandate for zero emissions vehicles. This blog from Tesla Motors that explains the situation.

Basically, the staff recommendation is to lower requirements on the big auto makers to levels that are likely to be met by tiny Tesla Motors all on their own, and likely to be blown away if any of the other promising ZEV startups deliver a small fraction of what they are promising.

You can express your opinion to the CARB through this web form.

Here's the letter I sent them...

To the California Air Resources Board

The big auto companies have no excuse for not developing vehicles which are more friendly to the environment.

Energy efficient vehicles are popular with consumers. Next time you go for a drive, just count how many times you see a Toyota Prius.

ZEV vehicles are technologically viable today. In response to previous CARB mandates, the big auto makers proved that ZEV vehicles can be developed and sold in quantity to consumers who want them. Witness the GM EV-1, the RAV-4 EV and the Chevy S-10 EV. The big auto companies produced these cars, sold them to a fraction of the consumers who wanted them and did everything in their power to hide and un-popularize them. This is well documented in the film "Who Killed the Electric Car." I personally know people who are still using the RAV4-EV and S-10 EV without any manufacturer support. These are awesome vehicles, loved by their owners and in high demand, with used vehicles selling for more than their original selling prices in many cases.

Recently Tesla Motors has started regular production of a fully safety-approved, highway-capable EV that has pre-booked orders approaching the numbers mandated by the watered-down CARB ISOR for the time period 2012-2014.

   http://www.teslamotors.com/

That a tiny startup company can be ready to produce 1800+ ZEVs in 2009 proves that the big auto companies can easily produce far more in the 2012-2014 timeframe, even 25,000 seems like too low a number to really push the auto industry to do their part to improve air quality and reduce CO2 emissions.

My wife and I will be Tesla owner number 241. We have driven one of their late evaluation prototype vehicles, and I assure you this vehicle is quite real. We will gladly replace our Acura NSX-T with the Tesla Roadster, a high-end sports car that is cost competitive with gasoline-powered vehicles in the same performance category.

Tesla Motors will use the experience gained from producing this expensive, low-volume vehicle to design and produce their next vehicle in the much larger $50,000 to $70,000 sports sedan market in 2010. I expect they will have a ZEV in the $30,000 price range shipping upwards of 300,000 vehicles by 2012.

Tesla Motors alone is likely to far exceed CARBs embarrassingly small demands on the big auto makers. Now is the time to increase the pressure on the big auto makers rather than reduce the CARB mandate to less than what the market is clearly already demanding.

Tesla Motors is just the first of several promising companies to start regular production of ZEVs. Aptera, Miles Electric, and Phoenix Electric all have credible plans to produce safe, highway capable ZEVs in the 2009 to 2010 time frame.

    http://www.aptera.com/details.php
    http://www.milesev.com/
    http://www.phoenixmotorcars.com/

Many other companies are working in ZEV market segment, as are many dedicated enthusiasts who are converting ICE vehicles to ZEV electric vehicles.

The California Air Resources Board has an opportunity to push the auto industry toward reasonable environmental progress. Please do so.

Tom Saxton

Yesterday, Tesla Motors delivered their first production Roadster to their first customer: Elon Musk, chairman of Tesla's board. It has the "beta" transmission, and production will trickle out vehicles through the first half of 2008 until they have the final transmission design finished and tested.

There was a minor event marking the delivery of "P1" to Tesla headquarters, and a few members of the press were invited. According to several reports online, Elon Musk and Ze'ev Drori gave an interview and mentioned that the White Star would offer a range-extended model as well as the pure electric.

Even though this has been know for a while, this news has picked up traction and some are saying that Tesla has sold out their vision of producing pure electrics and switched to making hybrids like everyone else is doing.

This is totally wrong. To explain, I should first explain what's good about a pure electric vehicle, what's bad about hybrids and how what Tesla is doing is better than a hybrid.

Electric Vehicles

Briefly, here are the advantages of driving a pure electric vehicle:

• Much lower well-to-road carbon and other pollutant emissions.
• Zero emissions when powered from renewable sources.
• Greatly reduced maintenance.
• No more trips to the gas station.
• Quiet.
• Electric is the ultimate flex fuel.
  
• No added energy infrastructure required.
  

The biggest downsides are cost and charge time/range.

The auto industry has been mass-producing cars for a hundred years, so they have figured out how to mass produce them cheaply, or more correctly they define what people expect to pay for cars. As electric vehicles become mainstream, their costs will come down. Battery technology is currently a barrier to reducing cost, but there is lots of working going on in that area, with many avenues for significant improvement.

We have all been trained by the oil company propaganda machine to worry about the range of electric vehicles, even though most of the day-to-day driving needs for the vast majority of drivers would be met by the 100 mile range of the GM EV1 that was produced in the late 1990's.

But range isn't really the issue. Do you ever hear a car ad that brags about, or even mentions, a car's range? The range of a gas car is of minor importance because it's quick to refill a gas tank. With electric vehicles, the charge time can be much longer. But it doesn't have to be. In fact, charge time can be a huge advantage over a gas vehicle.

Consider the Tesla Roadster. It has a range of between 160 miles (worst case, driving like a maniac on the freeway) and 270 miles (mellow city driving). That's more than enough for almost anyone's daily driving. When you get home, it's just like your cell phone: you plug it in and it's fully charged long before you're awake the next morning. (It takes under five hours to charge a completely discharged Roadster with an appropriate electrical connection, significanly less if your daily commute is under 200 miles.)

Plugging in your car at night is a huge time savings compared to making the weekly trek to the gas station, and far less expensive (about 2 cents per mile).

Charge time does become an issue if you want to drive more than 200 miles in one day. The good news is that the limit to the charge rate isn't the design of the car, it's the capacity of the outlet. It's possible to charge a Tesla Roadster battery pack in about an hour if you have access to enough current. It's not practical to put such a large circuit in your home, but it would be practical to install several in parking lots at restaurants, malls, etc. So, drive your 200 miles, stop and put a couple of bucks into a charging station and your Roadster is all ready to go after you've eaten a leisurely lunch.

Once electric vehicles reach critical mass, gas cars will seem stupid by comparison. Why would anyone choose to drive a horrible pollution factory which has to be frequently maintained and manually filled with a carcinogenic and highly flammable fuel at enormous cost, most of which is sent overseas to support totalitarian govenrments?

Hybrid Vehicles

Hybrid vehicles seem like a great compromise, half way between a gas guzzler and an electric vehicle. They can in fact offer better fuel economy for smaller vehicles, but they throw out every other advantage of an electric vehicle. They still have all of the stuff from a gas vehicle that requires frequent maintenance: oil changes, muffler, catalytic converter, spark plugs, fuel filters, etc. You still have to go to the gas station periodically, and you're still running an inefficient gas engine.

But it's worse than that. In a hybrid, you punish the engine by adding the extra mass of a battery pack, reducing fuel economy and power. You also burden the battery pack with the weight of an engine and gas tank. This isn't the best of both worlds, it's the worst of both: very limited pure electric range from the battery, and poor acceleration from the gas engine.

The best of the hybrids, like the Toyota Prius and the discontinued Honda Insight, deliver great gas mileage and make for a significant improvement over the typical gas guzzler. Other hybrids are a complete fraud, offering very little in the way of improved gas mileage, instead they claim improved acceleration from the electric boost.

My wife and I do the vast majority of our driving in a Honda Insight. We've been driving one since the summer of 2001 and really like the car. But do we get the great fuel economy from the electric hybrid, or from the small aerodynamic design? I can't help but wonder if we could get better mileage from a truly optimized pure gas vehicle. I know we can do better from a pure electric.

Even through we love our Insight, hybrids are a horrible compromise. They seem like a desperate attempt by the auto companies to hold on to the revenue stream that comes from the ludicrous amount of maintenance required by a gas powered vehicle, while pandering to a growing concern for reducing environmental impact.

Range Extended Electric Vehicles

There's a variation on the hybrid design that makes a lot more sense: take a pure electric vehicle and add a small efficient gas-powered generator that can extend the range of the vehicle for long trips.

The gas engine only needs to run when you are taking a long trip, so most of the time it doesn't need to run at all. It's a small engine, and not hooked into the drive train, so the extra weight is greatly reduced compared to a traditional hybrid. Also, the engine doesn't have to run wide range of RPM and torque combinations needed for a drive train, instead it can run in its most efficient mode getting maximum power out of the gas it burns.

You still have a lot of the gas-engine maintenance issues to deal with, but you do get all of the other advantages of a pure electric, plus you can drive farther between charges for those long road trips. This could open the door to a lot of people owning a vehicle that allows them to drive nearly all of their miles in pure electric mode, without having to keep a gas guzzler in the garage for longer trips.

Tesla's White Star

Tesla's next model after the $98,000 two-seat Roadster will be the much more practical White Star, a four-door, five-passenger sport sedan that will range in cost from $50,000 to $70,000. Tesla will offer the White Star in two models: pure electric and range-extended electric. By offering these two options, far more people will be able to consider owning a vehicle that can be driven pure electric for the vast majority of their driving needs.

Look for details on the White Star to be announced in the second quarter of this year, at which point we should also get its real name. (White Star is just the code name, the Roadster was originally code-named Dark Star.)

The White Star will be followed a few years later by a higher-volume lower-cost economy vehicle, code-named Blue Star. It takes time to start a whole new auto industry, and Tesla is leading they way. I hope they succeed and inspire a great deal of competition from other car makers, either today's big auto makers or the crop of startups that will displace today's giants from the market if they don't adapt to the changing world economy and global environment.

Tesla Motors hosted a town hall meeting today, with attendees in San Carlos and over the phone. This is my summary of the major points according to my notes. Expect a full audio recording of the call to be made available on Tesla Motor's web site as soon as possible.

Elon Musk started by reaffirming their commitment to both the Roadster and the White Star sedan. Roadster customers are helping to support Tesla's long term goal to get into the mass production of electric vehicles.

JB Straubel briefly described the plan announced last week to move to a single-speed transmission (really just a gear box) and meeting the original performance specs by sending more current to the motor, using an improved cooling system to allow for increased heat dissipation. This new gearbox is what the White Star team has been working on, and isn't just a last minute scramble to solve the Roadster's transmission issues. The single gear ratio will be 8.27:1, which is between the old first and second gears, closer to second gear. The top motor speed will remain at 14,000 RPM, with a slight chance of modest improvement. The goal for 0-60 time is 4 seconds under real conditions, and perhaps less than 4 seconds under ideal testing conditions. The top speed may come down a bit, but is expected to stay at or above 120 mph. Due to increased efficiency, the driving range may improve slightly, but less than 10%, perhaps in the 230-235 range. The 0-100 time will be improved by having a broader torque curve, likewise the quarter mile time is expected to drop into the 12-second range. These are just goals and estimates, they won't know for sure how it will all perform until they have production units to test and run through the EPA tests.

They will be using the same motor and battery pack, primarily only the PEM (power electronics module, aka the inverter) is changing. The current air-based cooling system will be improved, with as few changes as possible. The White Star will have a liquid-cooled drive train, but they are not implementing that in the Roadster. The increased current sent to the motor is made possible by new parts being available, something that wasn't possible when they originally decided on a two-speed transmission.

With no transmission, the gear shifter is purely an input to the firmware. Drive and reverse simply set the motor direction, and neutral disables power to the motor. There is a park-lock controlled by key-on and key-off, but no "park" position on the gear shifter, just like a manual transmission ICE car.

The change to the gearbox is not expected to require any new crash tests, the weight of the new gearbox will between the two transmissions that were put through the previous crash tests. The changes are small enough that other systems should not be affected. Testing the gearbox will be a lengthy process, starting this summer. They will upgrade their current test vehicles in the US and the UK for early testing as soon as possible.

Regarding risks in the new design, they are working with a very experienced designer with a solid track record. The new gearbox has less than half the parts, and less than half the bearings compared to the two-speed transmission. They have already put over 100,000 miles on the original one-speed prototype gearbox without problems. The new design will reduce weight and cost while also increasing efficiency and reliability.

The new design will have much less backlash than the two-speed, by a factor of three. In gearbox design, there's a trade-off between reducing backlash and increasing efficiency. The one-speed gearbox will perform better than the two-speed transmission in that regard.

The Car and Driver review said the "heavy-use" range is about 160 miles, a bit lower than the 170-mile range previously stated by Tesla's aggressive driving range. That test drive was done in the cold, rain, with the top off and the heater on, and with a heavy passenger, and no restraint using the accelerator.

The Roadster will have multiple driving modes: maximum performance and maximum range were mentioned. These will change how the car drives, and also how the firmware estimates remaining charge.

Elon Musk's car, Production Unit 1, will arrive this Friday, between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm!

Early production begins on March 17th, at about one car per week with the interim single-speed transmission. Production will ramp up, first to two per week, then three per week, as fast as possible without waiting for the new gearbox. Tesla estimates they will be using the new gearbox by vehicle number #100, roughly estimating to have cars in the 400s produced by the end of the year. By 2009, they expect to be producing 40 per week, for a total of 1,500 in 2009.

The 2009 model year Roadster is expected to see a cost increase. Slots that have been vacated in the 2008 model year schedule are going for $125,000. The Roadsters will be a pretty hot item when they hit the road, attracting a lot of attention. One customer asked about a lo-jack (hidden GPS tracking) option as a theft deterrent , and Tesla said they would look into offering something as a delivery option.

The charger is built into the car and charging options are simply a combination of a cable and a firmware setting. The current options are 1) 120V/15A which plugs into a standard wall outlet, 2) 240V/40A which plugs into a dryer outlet, and 3) 240V/70A which requires installing a special charging plug. Tesla is also looking into a pay per use 1-hour charging option that would be available in specific locations to make it possible to charge the car over lunch when making a long distance drive. The current battery pack can handle the rapid charge, which will likely be done using a high voltage DC bypass.

Owners who take one of the early units with the preliminary one-speed gearbox will be able to have the new gearbox swap completed in one day, plus any required shipping time. By the time cars are delivered, there should be Tesla service centers on both coasts, so they don't have to ship cars across the country to do the swap. Tesla may offer these early customers the option to keep the preliminary transmissions (if the 0-60 time isn't important to the customer), with some incentives for doing so.

Tesla expects to reveal a static model of the White Star (and presumably its real name) in the 2nd quarter of 2008, and to break ground on the production facility late 2008 or early 2009.